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Interacciones de metabolitos median alianzas beneficiosas entre Bacillus y Trichoderma para un control eficaz de la
Jiyu Xie1,2, Xinli Sun1, Tao Wen1
1Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China.
The ISME journal
|December 27, 2025
Resumen
Los microbios del suelo Bacillus y Trichoderma forman alianzas, produciendo compuestos que protegen a las plantas de patógenos como Fusarium oxysporum. Esta interacción mejora la salud del suelo y el crecimiento de las plantas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Ciencias del Suelo
- Patología Vegetal
Sus antecedentes:
- Las interacciones Bacteria-Hongos son vitales para la salud del suelo y el manejo de enfermedades de las plantas.
- Las especies de Bacillus y Trichoderma muestran antagonismo in vitro pero correlación positiva en el suelo.
- Estos microbios están relacionados con la supresión de Fusarium oxysporum y la promoción del crecimiento de las plantas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las interacciones entre reinos entre Bacillus velezensis y Trichoderma guizhouense.
- Comprender los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a sus interacciones beneficiosas en una comunidad modelo del suelo.
- Elucidar cómo estas interacciones contribuyen a la protección de las plantas contra Fusarium oxysporum.
Principales métodos:
- Construcción de comunidades modelo artificiales de Bacillus velezensis y Trichoderma guizhouense.
- Utilización de perfiles transcriptómicos para analizar los cambios en la expresión génica.
- Análisis químico para identificar los metabolitos clave involucrados en las interacciones.
Principales resultados:
- Bacillus velezensis activa la producción de metabolitos secundarios antimicrobianos en respuesta a Trichoderma guizhouense.
- La surfactina de B. velezensis induce la producción de T22azafilona en T. guizhouense, mitigando el estrés oxidativo.
- Tanto la surfactina como la T22azafilona ayudan a la supervivencia de B. velezensis y T. guizhouense contra Fusarium oxysporum.
- Trichoderma guizhouense degrada el ácido fusárico, un inhibidor del crecimiento secretado por Fusarium oxysporum.
Conclusiones:
- Las interacciones mediadas por metabolitos entre Bacillus y Trichoderma crean alianzas beneficiosas.
- Estas alianzas mejoran la resiliencia de los microorganismos del suelo contra los patógenos.
- Los hallazgos resaltan un mecanismo novedoso para la protección de plantas basada en microbios contra enfermedades transmitidas por el suelo.
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