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Consideraciones Médicas en Operaciones Marítimas de Alto Riesgo: Una Revisión Narrativa
Fredrik Granholm1, Michael J Lauria2,3, Jorgen Melau4
1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
Resumen
Las operaciones marítimas plantean desafíos médicos únicos, como hipotermia y traumatismos. Son esenciales protocolos médicos especializados y capacitación para la seguridad de los respondedores y la efectividad operativa en estos entornos exigentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de Emergencia
- Medicina Operacional
- Seguridad Marítima
Sus antecedentes:
- Las Fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales militares y las unidades civiles de armas y tácticas especiales (SWAT) realizan operaciones marítimas.
- Estas misiones ocurren en entornos impredecibles, remotos de los recursos médicos, e involucran amenazas acuáticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar aspectos médicos críticos de las operaciones marítimas.
- Identificar los desafíos y el apoyo médico necesario para los entornos marítimos.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura de 2005 a 2024.
- Las búsquedas incluyeron las principales bases de datos y fuentes de literatura gris.
- Se incluyeron estudios según el consenso de los autores.
Principales resultados:
- Los principales desafíos médicos marítimos identificados incluyen hipotermia, ahogamiento y traumatismos en espacios confinados.
- Los peligros respiratorios, el mareo por movimiento y las lesiones por impacto también son preocupaciones importantes.
- El apoyo médico debe adaptarse al contexto operativo marítimo único.
Conclusiones:
- El apoyo médico eficaz es crucial para mantener la efectividad operativa y la seguridad de los respondedores.
- Existe una clara necesidad de protocolos médicos específicos para el ámbito marítimo y capacitación especializada.
- Las estrategias médicas preventivas y de respuesta son vitales para las operaciones marítimas.
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