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Un modelo estructural de la dinámica del esfuerzo atencional: evidencia de una tarea de discriminación naturalista
Lekhapriya Dheeraj Kashyap1, Zhide Wang2, Yanling Chang2
1Texas A&M University, USA.
Human factors
|December 28, 2025
Resumen
El esfuerzo atencional fluctúa con la percepción del contexto subjetivo. Un nuevo modelo estima esta dinámica, mostrando cómo los árbitros ajustan el esfuerzo en función de la importancia del juego, mejorando la comprensión de las tareas de vigilancia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva; Ciencia de la Decisión
Sus antecedentes:
- El esfuerzo atencional y la percepción del contexto subjetivo no son directamente observables, pero influyen en el rendimiento de la tarea.
- Los modelos existentes carecen de un marco para estimar la dinámica del esfuerzo atencional vinculada al contexto subjetivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer un modelo computacional de la variación del esfuerzo atencional en tareas de vigilancia.
- Desarrollar una metodología para estimar este modelo utilizando la inferencia del contexto subjetivo y las políticas de asignación de atención.
- Validar empíricamente el modelo con un conjunto de datos naturalista.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrolló un modelo bayesiano que integra la percepción del contexto subjetivo con la asignación de atención.
- Propuso un algoritmo de maximización de la expectativa para estimar el modelo estructural.
- Aplicó la metodología a un conjunto de datos de decisiones de árbitros de las Grandes Ligas de Béisbol.
Principales resultados:
- Reveló cómo los árbitros infieren situaciones de juego (percepción del contexto) y ajustan el esfuerzo atencional (asignación de atención).
- Demostró que el esfuerzo atencional se adapta en función de la criticidad inferida del juego y el sesgo de estado.
- El modelo refleja con precisión los patrones de toma de decisiones observados en el conjunto de datos.
Conclusiones:
- Avanza en la comprensión del fallo de vigilancia al vincular la inferencia contextual con el esfuerzo atencional.
- Proporciona un modelo estructural validado para la dinámica del esfuerzo atencional.
- Permite predicciones contrafactuales para mejorar la precisión de las decisiones en tareas que exigen atención.
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