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Intervención grupal de terapia cognitivo-conductual para adolescentes con ansiedad
Liza Takács1, Dóra Perczel-Forintos2, Martina Greskó1
1Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Resumen
Este estudio demuestra que la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) grupal reduce eficazmente la ansiedad, la depresión y la desesperanza en adolescentes. La intervención resultó beneficiosa incluso para aquellos con trastornos del estado de ánimo comórbidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría
- Psicología Clínica
- Salud Mental Adolescente
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos de ansiedad afectan al 7% de los adolescentes y al 6.5% de los niños, y muchos no reciben psicoterapia adecuada.
- La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) es un tratamiento de primera línea establecido para los trastornos de ansiedad.
- Se desarrolló una intervención de TCC grupal de ocho sesiones para adolescentes con síntomas de ansiedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Adaptar y evaluar una intervención breve de TCC grupal para adolescentes con ansiedad.
- Reducir las distorsiones cognitivas, los comportamientos de evitación y los síntomas físicos asociados en pacientes adolescentes con ansiedad.
- Evaluar la eficacia de la TCC grupal en una población adolescente húngara.
Principales métodos:
- Se administró una intervención de TCC grupal a 51 adolescentes (de 15 a 20 años) diagnosticados con ansiedad y trastornos del estado de ánimo comórbidos.
- Los participantes se dividieron en grupos de 8 a 12 pacientes.
- Se utilizaron cuestionarios estandarizados (BDI, STAI-S, RSES-H, BHS, CERQ, FNE-8, NPTQ-C) para las evaluaciones pre y post intervención.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron reducciones significativas en la ansiedad (p<0.001), los síntomas depresivos (p<0.001) y el miedo a la evaluación negativa (p=0.001).
- Las mejoras incluyeron una disminución de los pensamientos improductivos (p<0.001) y la desesperanza (p=0.049), junto con un aumento de la autoestima (p=0.042).
- Los trastornos del estado de ánimo comórbidos no disminuyeron la eficacia de la intervención.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio representa el primer examen de la TCC grupal breve para la ansiedad adolescente en Hungría.
- La TCC grupal redujo eficazmente la ansiedad, la depresión, la desesperanza y mejoró la autoestima en adolescentes.
- Los hallazgos respaldan la implementación más amplia de este modelo de TCC grupal para el tratamiento de la ansiedad en adolescentes.
Palabras clave:
adolescentestrastorno de ansiedadintervención transdiagnóstica de trastorno depresivoterapia cognitivo-conductual grupalMás Videos Relacionados
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