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Epidemiología y tácticas de tratamiento para la otitis supurativa crónica
E V Garov1,2, R B Khamzalieva1, L A Moseikina1
1Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia.
Vestnik otorinolaringologii
|December 28, 2025
Resumen
La incidencia de enfermedades del oído y la mastoides, incluida la otitis supurativa crónica (OME), ha disminuido en Rusia y Moscú. La optimización de la atención médica aumentó el volumen de tratamiento de la OME y las intervenciones quirúrgicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Otorrinolaringología; Salud Pública; Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos epidemiológicos sobre enfermedades del oído y la mastoides, incluida la otitis supurativa crónica (OME), en Rusia son fragmentarios. El análisis de la dinámica de incidencia y prevalencia es crucial para evaluar el desarrollo de la patología, la accesibilidad a la atención médica y la efectividad del tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la epidemiología y el tratamiento de las enfermedades del oído y la mastoides, incluida la OME, en la Federación Rusa y Moscú. Evaluar las tendencias en la incidencia, prevalencia e intervenciones quirúrgicas para estas afecciones.
Principales métodos:
- Evaluación cuantitativa retrospectiva de datos de prevalencia e incidencia de 2010 a 2024. Se utilizaron estadísticas estatales e informes de hospitales otorrinolaringológicos de Moscú.
Principales resultados:
- Disminución de la incidencia de enfermedades del oído y la mastoides en Rusia (del 2,4% al 1,8%) y Moscú. Aumento de la proporción de pacientes con OME y actividad quirúrgica (timpanoplastia) en Moscú, con reducción de cirugías de emergencia. Aumento significativo de pacientes tratados y cirugías para OME en departamentos especializados, lo que indica una intensificación del tratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- La optimización de la atención médica condujo a una reducción de la incidencia de enfermedades del oído y la mastoides y de la OME. El aumento de la capacidad hospitalaria y la carga de trabajo de los médicos dio lugar a un mayor volumen de atención para los pacientes con OME.
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