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La exclusión social amenaza la certeza: un metaanálisis de un solo laboratorio

Andrew H Hales¹

¹University of Mississippi.

The Journal of social psychology

|December 28, 2025

Resumen

La exclusión social, o ostracismo, amenaza la pertenencia, la autoestima y el control. Una nueva investigación muestra que también socava significativamente la necesidad de certeza, afectando a los individuos de inmediato y después de un retraso.

Palabras clave:

Necesidades básicas certeza metaanálisis ostracismo modelo temporal de amenaza de necesidades incertidumbre

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Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología; Psicología Social

Sus antecedentes:

Se reconoce que la exclusión social amenaza las necesidades humanas básicas: pertenencia, autoestima, control y significado.; Estas necesidades fundamentales son cruciales para el bienestar psicológico y el funcionamiento social.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar evidencia teórica y empírica de una quinta necesidad amenazada por la exclusión social: la necesidad de certeza.; Resumir meta-analíticamente los hallazgos experimentales sobre el impacto de la exclusión social en la certeza.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la base teórica de la necesidad de certeza.; Metaanálisis de 18 experimentos (N=5241) que manipulan la exclusión social y miden la incertidumbre.; Evaluación de los efectos inmediatos y retardados de la exclusión social sobre la certeza.

Principales resultados:

La exclusión social reduce significativamente la sensación de certeza inmediatamente después de la experiencia (d = -0.37).; Un efecto negativo menor, pero significativo, sobre la certeza persiste después de un breve retraso (d = -0.16).

Conclusiones:

La necesidad de certeza es una quinta necesidad psicológica fundamental amenazada por la exclusión social.; La incertidumbre inducida por la exclusión social tiene efectos inmediatos y persistentes.; La investigación futura debe explorar los impactos conductuales y el papel de la incertidumbre en la dinámica de la exclusión social.