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Procesamiento desregulado de la interferencia emocional en regiones cerebrales afectivas y de control cognitivo en el
Shuo Wang1, Yun Tian2, Linzhe Zhong3
1Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Sleep medicine
|December 28, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con trastorno de insomnio muestran actividad cerebral alterada y tiempos de reacción más lentos durante las tareas de interferencia emocional. La alteración del sueño en estos pacientes se relaciona con una menor desactivación del núcleo caudado, lo que afecta la regulación emocional.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psiquiatría
- Psicología Cognitiva
Sus antecedentes:
- El trastorno de insomnio (DI) se caracteriza por una alteración significativa del sueño.
- La desregulación cognitiva y emocional es común en la DI.
- Es crucial comprender los sustratos neuronales de la interferencia emocional en la DI.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las respuestas conductuales y neuronales durante la interferencia emocional en pacientes con DI.
- Examinar la asociación entre la alteración del sueño y el control cognitivo-emocional en la DI.
- Comparar el procesamiento de la interferencia emocional en pacientes con DI y controles sanos (HC).
Principales métodos:
- Cuarenta y tres pacientes con DI y 43 HC se sometieron a imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) durante una tarea de interferencia emocional (EIT).
- Los datos conductuales (tiempos de reacción, precisión) y las activaciones cerebrales se analizaron mediante ANOVAs.
- La alteración del sueño se evaluó mediante cuestionarios de autoinforme y se exploraron las correlaciones de su vínculo con la actividad cerebral.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con DI exhibieron tiempos de reacción más lentos y menor precisión en comparación con los HC, particularmente al procesar estímulos emocionales.
- La resonancia magnética funcional reveló una activación alterada en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral derecha (DLPFC) y el núcleo caudado en pacientes con DI durante la EIT.
- Una mayor alteración del sueño en pacientes con DI se correlacionó con una menor desactivación del núcleo caudado derecho al ignorar estímulos de miedo.
Conclusiones:
- Son evidentes las alteraciones dependientes de la atención en el control de la corteza prefrontal y el procesamiento estriatal de la prominencia emocional en la DI.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren un vínculo entre la alteración del sueño y la alteración de la regulación cognitivo-emocional en el trastorno de insomnio.
- El estudio destaca el impacto de la DI en los mecanismos neuronales de la interferencia y la regulación emocional.
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