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Carga de comorbilidades en personas con esclerosis múltiple: un estudio poblacional en Cataluña
1School of Economics & Social Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Frontiers in neurology
|December 29, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con esclerosis múltiple (EM) experimentan una carga significativa de comorbilidades a una edad temprana. Esto resalta la necesidad de una atención integrada y de por vida para manejar estas complejas condiciones de salud de manera efectiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Epidemiología
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) frecuentemente tienen comorbilidades crónicas que afectan la atención y el pronóstico.
- Existen datos poblacionales limitados sobre las comorbilidades de la EM en Europa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de comorbilidades específicas en personas con EM en Cataluña, España.
- Utilizar registros administrativos de salud para un análisis integral de comorbilidades.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 9.998 personas diagnosticadas con EM entre 2013 y 2017.
- Estratificación de la prevalencia de comorbilidades por edad y sexo, comparando con la población general siempre que sea posible.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con EM exhibieron tasas más altas de comorbilidades psiquiátricas, metabólicas y autoinmunes en todos los grupos de edad.
- Las mujeres jóvenes (18-40 años) mostraron un aumento de la depresión, la ansiedad, las enfermedades tiroideas y la migraña.
- Los hombres de mediana edad (50-60 años) tuvieron tasas más altas de hipertensión, hiperlipidemia y diabetes.
Conclusiones:
- La esclerosis múltiple está relacionada con una carga considerable de comorbilidades de aparición temprana.
- Enfatiza la necesidad de una atención integrada y multidisciplinaria a lo largo de la vida para los pacientes con EM.
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