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Riesgos de enfermedades infecciosas impulsadas por el clima: una revisión global de alcance de patrones
İzzet Çeleğen1, Abdullah Sarıöz2
1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65080, Türkiye. izzetcelegen@yyu.edu.tr.
BMC infectious diseases
|December 30, 2025
Resumen
El cambio climático impacta las enfermedades infecciosas a nivel mundial. La investigación muestra lagunas en métodos, vínculos de políticas y equidad, especialmente en regiones vulnerables, lo que dificulta la preparación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental; Epidemiología; Políticas de Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El cambio climático altera significativamente los patrones de enfermedades infecciosas en todo el mundo.
- La investigación actual está fragmentada, sesgada geográficamente y carece de integración política.
- Comprender estas dinámicas es crucial para la seguridad sanitaria mundial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Mapear de forma exhaustiva la investigación mundial sobre enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con el clima de 2010 a 2025.
- Identificar tendencias epidemiológicas, metodologías de investigación y relevancia política.
- Identificar lagunas en el conocimiento actual y la representación regional.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus (enero de 2010-enero de 2025).
- Cribado de 2.239 registros, de los cuales 2.139 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.
- Codificación temática de diez variables utilizando métodos mixtos (asistida por Python y validación manual).
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios observacionales y de modelización dominaron la investigación (38,9% y 34,8%).
- Las enfermedades respiratorias y transmitidas por vectores fueron las más estudiadas (36,2% y 34,9%).
- Se observaron recomendaciones políticas limitadas (27%) y una subrepresentación de las regiones de bajos ingresos.
Conclusiones:
- La investigación sobre clima y salud ha crecido, pero necesita una mayor diversidad metodológica y traducción política.
- La investigación futura debe priorizar diseños longitudinales, factores socioeconómicos y marcos de Una Sola Salud.
- Mejorar estas áreas es vital para una preparación global proactiva, en lugar de reactiva, para las enfermedades sensibles al clima.
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