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Optimización del rendimiento y las emisiones de un motor CRDI en modo RCCI utilizando biodiésel enriquecido con

Aashish Divya Shinil Kumar¹, Vishakha Vijayashankar Hebballi¹, Jibitesh Kumar Panda¹

¹Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

|December 30, 2025

Resumen

Este estudio optimizó el rendimiento del motor diésel utilizando biodiésel enriquecido con hidrógeno en modo de ignición por compresión controlada por reactividad (RCCI). Los mejores resultados mostraron una mayor eficiencia y menores emisiones, avanzando en estrategias de combustible más limpias.

Área de la Ciencia:

Motores de Combustión
Combustibles Alternativos
Control de Emisiones

Sus antecedentes:

Los motores diésel enfrentan desafíos en cuanto a emisiones y eficiencia.
La Ignición por Compresión Controlada por Reactividad (RCCI) ofrece una vía para una combustión más limpia.
Los combustibles alternativos son cruciales para soluciones energéticas sostenibles.

Objetivo del estudio:

Optimizar el rendimiento y las emisiones de un motor diésel de Inyección Directa Common Rail (CRDI) utilizando combustibles alternativos en modo RCCI.
Evaluar diferentes combinaciones de combustibles, incluyendo diésel, GNC, hidrógeno y mezclas de biodiésel.
Identificar la estrategia de combustible más eficaz para mejorar la eficiencia del motor y reducir las emisiones contaminantes.

Principales métodos:

Se realizaron experimentos en un motor CRDI monocilíndrico de cuatro tiempos a varias cargas (25-100%).
Se probaron cuatro configuraciones de combustible: diésel puro (D100), GNC+D100, H₂+D100 y biodiésel enriquecido con hidrógeno (B20+H₂).
Se utilizó el Análisis de Relaciones Grises (GRA) para la optimización multiobjetivo del rendimiento y las emisiones.

Principales resultados:

La mezcla de combustible B20+H₂ con un flujo de hidrógeno de 2 L/min produjo la mayor Eficiencia Térmica en Banco (BTE).
Esta condición óptima también resultó en el menor Consumo Específico de Combustible en Banco (BSFC) y redujo las emisiones (CO, HC, NOₓ, opacidad del humo).
El biodiésel enriquecido con hidrógeno demostró un potencial significativo para una operación RCCI más limpia y eficiente.

Conclusiones:

El biodiésel enriquecido con hidrógeno (B20+H₂) es un combustible alternativo muy prometedor para el modo RCCI en motores CRDI.
Esta estrategia mejora significativamente la eficiencia del motor y reduce las emisiones nocivas de escape.
Los hallazgos respaldan el desarrollo de vías de doble combustible limpias y bajas en carbono, alineándose con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS-7, ODS-13) de la ONU.

Palabras clave:

biodiésel hidrógeno RCCI motor diésel emisiones eficiencia análisis de relaciones grises

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