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Cascada de manejo de la diabetes en Ulán Bator, Mongolia
Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin1, Bolor-Erdene Ganbat1, Uurtsaikh Baatarsuren1,2
1Onom foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
PloS one
|December 30, 2025
Resumen
La prevalencia de la diabetes en Ulán Bator es del 6,27%, con baja concienciación y mal control, especialmente en hombres. Esto pone de manifiesto importantes desafíos en el manejo de la diabetes y los comportamientos de búsqueda de atención médica dentro de Mongolia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Epidemiología
- Enfermedades no transmisibles
Sus antecedentes:
- La diabetes mellitus y la intolerancia a la glucosa representan un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y en Mongolia.
- Comprender la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de la diabetes es crucial para intervenciones eficaces de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes y de intolerancia a la glucosa en la población adulta de Ulán Bator.
- Identificar las lagunas en la atención clínica de la diabetes, incluida la concienciación, el tratamiento y el control.
- Examinar las tendencias de los factores de riesgo de la diabetes en la región.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta transversal en 2018 que involucró a una muestra representativa de 2169 adultos (≥20 años) de 9 distritos de Ulán Bator.
- La recopilación de datos utilizó la versión mongola del instrumento STEPS de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la vigilancia de los factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles.
- Se recopilaron sistemáticamente mediciones físicas y datos sobre factores de riesgo.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia general de diabetes entre los adultos de 20 años o más fue del 6,27%.
- La prevalencia de diabetes fue mayor en hombres (7,5%) que en mujeres (5,3%).
- Entre las personas con diabetes, una proporción significativa desconocía su condición (48,5%), no recibía tratamiento (15,4%) o tenía diabetes no controlada a pesar del tratamiento (30,2%), y solo el 5,9% logró el control glucémico.
Conclusiones:
- La baja concienciación y los malos comportamientos de búsqueda de atención médica, especialmente entre los hombres más jóvenes, representan importantes obstáculos para el control de la diabetes en Ulán Bator.
- Estos hallazgos subrayan los desafíos sistémicos y sociales que afectan el manejo de la diabetes en Mongolia.
- Se recomienda una mayor investigación para investigar las barreras e identificar oportunidades para mejorar la concienciación y la atención de la diabetes.
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