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Factores de Riesgo Potenciales de Muerte Solitaria: Un Estudio Nacional de Casos y Controles en Corea
Hye Yeon Koo1,2, Haibin Bai3,4, Jae-Ryun Lee4
1Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Journal of Korean medical science
|December 30, 2025
Resumen
Las muertes solitarias están relacionadas con bajos ingresos, múltiples problemas de salud y uso frecuente de la atención médica. La identificación de estos factores de riesgo puede ayudar a prevenir muertes solitarias en poblaciones vulnerables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología Social; Salud Pública; Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- La muerte solitaria, definida como morir solo en casa y ser descubierto más tarde, es una preocupación social creciente.; La identificación de las características de las personas que experimentan muertes solitarias es crucial para las intervenciones de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar las características demográficas, de salud y de utilización de la atención médica que diferencian a las personas que murieron solas de un grupo de control.; Distinguir las poblaciones de alto riesgo de muertes solitarias a través de un análisis comparativo.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles que utiliza datos del Korean Crime Scene Investigation y la National Health Insurance Service (NHIS).; Inclusión de 3.122 casos de muerte solitaria y 9.493 controles emparejados por sexo y edad de 2021.; Análisis de regresión logística para evaluar las asociaciones entre muertes solitarias y varios factores.
Principales resultados:
- Las personas que experimentaron muertes solitarias tuvieron más probabilidades de tener cobertura de ayuda médica, pertenecer al tramo de ingresos más bajo y tener altas puntuaciones de comorbilidad (Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson ≥ 3).; Se observó una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas (diabetes, insuficiencia cardíaca), trastornos de salud mental (esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar) y enfermedades relacionadas con el alcohol en el grupo de muerte solitaria.; La utilización frecuente de la atención médica también fue un factor significativo asociado con las muertes solitarias.
Conclusiones:
- La muerte solitaria está fuertemente asociada con factores socioeconómicos como bajos ingresos y factores relacionados con la salud como multimorbilidad y condiciones preexistentes.; La utilización frecuente de la atención médica es un indicador clave relacionado con las muertes solitarias.; Se recomiendan intervenciones dirigidas a grupos de alto riesgo, centrándose en bajos ingresos y necesidades de salud complejas, para prevenir muertes solitarias.
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