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Europa se enfrenta a múltiples amenazas arbovirales en 2025

Yannick Simonin¹

¹Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.

|December 31, 2025

Resumen

Las enfermedades arbovirales transmitidas por mosquitos, como el chikunguña, el dengue y el virus del Nilo Occidental, se están volviendo endémicas en Europa para 2025. Se esperan temporadas de transmisión más largas, amplias e intensas, lo que requerirá una mayor preparación para estas amenazas transmitidas por vectores.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología; Salud Pública; Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores.

Sus antecedentes:

Los virus de la chikunguña y el dengue eran históricamente tropicales, mientras que el virus del Nilo Occidental circulaba en el sur de Europa.
Las enfermedades arbovirales transmitidas por mosquitos están cada vez más establecidas en todo el continente europeo.
Se está produciendo una transformación significativa en el panorama epidemiológico europeo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Destacar la amenaza cambiante de las enfermedades arbovirales en Europa.
Subrayar la dinámica cambiante de la transmisión de enfermedades arbovirales.
Enfatizar la necesidad de una mayor preparación en Europa.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la distribución de enfermedades arbovirales y los patrones de transmisión en Europa.
Monitoreo de las amenazas arbovirales endémicas y estacionales emergentes.
Evaluación de los cambios en el inicio de la temporada de transmisión y la diversidad de los arbovirus involucrados.

Principales resultados:

Los virus de la chikunguña, el dengue y el Nilo Occidental están cada vez más establecidos en toda Europa.
Las enfermedades arbovirales están emergiendo como amenazas endémicas y estacionales.
La dinámica de transmisión muestra un inicio más temprano, una mayor propagación geográfica y una mayor diversidad de virus.

Conclusiones:

Europa está entrando en una nueva fase de aumento de la transmisión de enfermedades arbovirales.
Las temporadas de transmisión más largas, amplias e intensas se están convirtiendo en la norma.
Una mayor preparación es crucial para gestionar la creciente amenaza de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores.

Palabras clave:

Europa virus del Nilo Occidental arbovirus virus de la chikunguña virus del dengue emergencia

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