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Aumento del riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca con la progresión del cáncer gástrico: un estudio de cohorte poblacional

Seunghan Lee1, Mi Jin Oh1, Bokyung Kim1

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El riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca aumenta con la etapa del cáncer gástrico. Los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en etapa distante tienen un riesgo casi tres veces mayor de insuficiencia cardíaca que requiere hospitalización en comparación con aquellos con enfermedad localizada.

Palabras clave:
EpidemiologíaCáncer gástricoInsuficiencia cardíacaFactores de riesgoPrograma SEER

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Oncología
  • Cardiología
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las tasas de supervivencia del cáncer gástrico están mejorando debido a los avances en el tratamiento.
  • Existe un interés creciente en las afecciones no relacionadas con el cáncer en los supervivientes de cáncer gástrico, especialmente en las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
  • La relación entre la etapa del cáncer gástrico y el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca requiere una mayor investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con cáncer gástrico.
  • Analizar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca según la etapa inicial del cáncer gástrico.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, poblacional y a nivel nacional utilizando la Base de Datos de la Biblioteca Pública de Cáncer de Corea.
  • Se realizó un seguimiento de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer gástrico entre 2012 y 2019 hasta 2020.
  • La estadificación del cáncer gástrico (localizada, regional, distante) se basó en los criterios del Programa de Vigilancia, Epidemiología y Resultados Finales.

Principales resultados:

  • Se incluyeron un total de 202.347 pacientes con cáncer gástrico; el 7,9% desarrolló insuficiencia cardíaca.
  • La incidencia de insuficiencia cardíaca aumentó significativamente con las etapas avanzadas del cáncer gástrico (p<0,001).
  • Los cocientes de riesgo ajustados de insuficiencia cardíaca fueron de 1,52 (etapa regional) y 2,87 (etapa distante) en comparación con la etapa localizada.

Conclusiones:

  • El riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca que requiere hospitalización se agrava con el empeoramiento de la etapa del cáncer gástrico.
  • Es crucial una estrecha monitorización de la insuficiencia cardíaca para todos los pacientes con cáncer gástrico, incluidos los más jóvenes y aquellos sin factores de riesgo metabólicos.
  • Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la atención integrada para los pacientes con cáncer gástrico, abordando tanto la salud oncológica como la cardiovascular.