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Laringitis bacteriana crónica y sicca: un análisis de cohorte retrospectivo y revisión sistemática
Lauren A Howser1, Anuja H Shah1,2, Chandler J Curtis1
1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
La laringitis bacteriana crónica (LBC) y la laringitis sicca (LS) presentan desafíos diagnósticos. Este estudio destaca la necesidad de directrices estandarizadas para estas afecciones laríngeas superpuestas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Laringología
- Enfermedades Infecciosas
- Otorrinolaringología
Sus antecedentes:
- La laringitis bacteriana crónica (LBC) y la laringitis sicca (LS) son clínicamente similares y carecen de protocolos estandarizados de diagnóstico o tratamiento.
- Diferenciar entre LBC y LS es un desafío debido a la superposición de síntomas y respuestas al tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definir mejor la laringitis bacteriana crónica (LBC) y la laringitis sicca (LS).
- Realizar una revisión sistemática y un análisis de cohortes retrospectivo para aclarar estas afecciones laríngeas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Scopus y CINAHL siguiendo las directrices PRISMA.
- Análisis de cohortes retrospectivo de pacientes en una clínica de laringología terciaria, recopilando datos sobre síntomas, laringoscopia, tratamiento y resultados.
Principales resultados:
- La revisión sistemática identificó 14 estudios (n=718) que se centraron únicamente en la LBC, sin encontrar estudios sobre la LS.
- La disfonía fue el síntoma más común (85,3%) en pacientes con LBC, frecuentemente asociado con el uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones (75,3%) y el tabaquismo (57,8%).
- Los patógenos comunes incluyeron *Staphylococcus aureus* (MSSA y MRSA) y *Klebsiella*. Los resultados del tratamiento fueron variables, con un 48,6% logrando la resolución y un 50,2% requiriendo retratamiento.
- La cohorte retrospectiva mostró tasas más bajas de resolución (9,5%), mayor retratamiento (38%) y recurrencia (32%), con la diabetes relacionada con un aumento de las necesidades de retratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- La laringitis bacteriana crónica (LBC) y la laringitis sicca (LS) presentan desafíos diagnósticos y terapéuticos significativos debido a su naturaleza superpuesta.
- La variabilidad actual en el diagnóstico y el manejo subraya la necesidad crítica de directrices estandarizadas y estrategias terapéuticas dirigidas.
- La mejora de la atención al paciente para estas afecciones laríngeas requiere el desarrollo de criterios diagnósticos claros y planes de tratamiento basados en la evidencia.
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