Perfil transcriptómico comparativo identifica la IL-1β como un impulsor no canónico de la maduración de las células dendríticas humanas
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1Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cyprus International University (CIU), Via Mersin 10, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkiye.
Background:
Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is traditionally triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through Toll-like receptors. However, emerging evidence suggests that the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) can act independently of PAMPs to drive DC activation and T cell priming.
Objectives:
This study aimed to perform a comparative transcriptomic analysis of IL-1β- and R848-induced maturation in human DCs to uncover shared and distinct molecular signatures underlying these activation pathways.
Materials And Methods:
RNA-seq data from dataset GSE108526 were analyzed following normalization and quality control. Differential gene expression was assessed using a linear model incorporating both treatment type and timepoint as factors. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to identify pathways and biological processes enriched under each condition.
Results:
Both IL-1β and R848 activated core immune response programs, yet exhibited distinct transcriptional emphases. IL-1β preferentially upregulated genes associated with cytokine regulation, surface receptor signaling, and cell communication, whereas R848 induced stronger interferon-stimulated gene networks and antiviral defense pathways. Comparative visualization of key maturation, cytokine, and IL-2 receptor genes revealed overlapping but stimulus-specific expression profiles.
Conclusions:
The findings highlight that IL-1β can substitute for PAMPs in inducing DC activation, yet orchestrates a unique immune transcriptional landscape. This suggests a specialized immunomodulatory potential for IL-1β distinct from classical TLR-mediated pathways.
