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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals
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Published on: October 31, 2011

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Proyección específica de la información olfativa en la corteza olfativa

Simon Daste, Tuan H Pham, Max Seppo

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |December 31, 2025
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Se aclara el enrutamiento de la información en la corteza del mamífero. Las neuronas de retroalimentación (proyectadas al bulbo olfatorio) codifican la identidad del olor tempranamente, mientras que las neuronas de alimentación (proyectadas a la corteza prefrontal medial) la codifican más tarde, mostrando una plasticidad distinta.

    Palabras clave:
    corteza olfativaneuronas de retroalimentaciónneuronas de alimentaciónprocesamiento de oloresplasticidad neuronalneurocienciacorteza piriformeratón

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Neurociencia
    • Procesamiento Sensorial
    • Investigación de la Corteza Olfativa

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El procesamiento sensorial cortical en mamíferos implica conexiones complejas de alimentación y retroalimentación.
    • El enrutamiento preciso de la información a lo largo de estas vías neuronales no se comprende bien.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Investigar las propiedades funcionales de las neuronas de retroalimentación y alimentación en la corteza piriforme del ratón.
    • Comprender cómo se procesa y enruta la información olfativa a través de diferentes vías corticales.

    Principales métodos:

    • Etiquetado selectivo de neuronas que proyectan al bulbo olfatorio (retroalimentación) y a la corteza prefrontal medial (alimentación).
    • Registro de la actividad neuronal durante la exposición pasiva a olores y una tarea de aprendizaje de discriminación de olores.

    Principales resultados:

    • Las neuronas que proyectan al bulbo olfatorio codificaron la identidad del olor y las asociaciones de recompensa al principio de la exposición al olor.
    • Las neuronas que proyectan a la corteza prefrontal medial codificaron esta información más tarde, correlacionándose con las respuestas conductuales.
    • Las neuronas que proyectan a la corteza prefrontal medial mostraron una representación de valencia estable, mientras que las neuronas que proyectan al bulbo olfatorio exhibieron una plasticidad significativa.

    Conclusiones:

    • La información olfativa se enruta selectivamente a través de vías de alimentación y retroalimentación distintas en la corteza piriforme.
    • Las características funcionales de las neuronas piriformes se adaptan a los requisitos computacionales de sus regiones cerebrales diana.