Calcificaciones cerebrales bilaterales en el síndrome de Fahr secundario

Andreas Posa1, Stefan Schob1, Walter A Wohlgemuth1

  • 1University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Radiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany, uni-halle.de.

PubMed

El síndrome de Fahr es un trastorno neurodegenerativo raro y de progresión lenta, caracterizado por calcificaciones cerebrales bilaterales, principalmente en los ganglios basales. Estas calcificaciones cerebrales están compuestas de calcio y fosfato, y son el resultado de alteraciones en la homeostasis del calcio y el fosfato. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen síntomas neurológicos, neurocognitivos y psiquiátricos. Este artículo describe tres casos raros de calcificaciones cerebrales bilaterales pronunciadas. Los tres pacientes fueron ingresados en el hospital debido a una primera crisis epiléptica. En los tres casos, las pruebas de laboratorio mostraron una hipocalcemia significativa y la tomografía computarizada cerebral reveló calcificaciones cerebrales bilaterales pronunciadas en diversas áreas del cerebro. Tras la sustitución de calcio y el tratamiento anticonvulsivo, los pacientes recuperaron su estado previo al ingreso hospitalario y fueron dados de alta a sus domicilios sin presentar crisis. El objetivo de este artículo es resaltar la importancia clínica de las pruebas de laboratorio bioquímicas de seguimiento a largo plazo y de las imágenes neurocraneales en pacientes de alto riesgo (p. ej., después de una tiroidectomía) para prevenir complicaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas evitables mediante terapia de sustitución nutricional y farmacéutica.

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