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Atención psiquiátrica en régimen de internamiento y ambulatoria: cambios y desafíos
Johannes Wancata1, Antonia Renner1, Fabian Friedrich1
1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
Los servicios de salud mental están cambiando hacia la atención ambulatoria, pero persisten los desafíos. Mejorar el equilibrio entre la atención hospitalaria y ambulatoria requiere abordar las enfermedades físicas comórbidas y mejorar la colaboración entre los profesionales médicos y psiquiátricos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los servicios de salud mental han experimentado una transformación significativa, marcada por la reducción de camas psiquiátricas y la atención hospitalaria integrada dentro de los hospitales generales.
- La expansión de los servicios ambulatorios psiquiátricos ha generado debate sobre los entornos de tratamiento óptimos para pacientes agudos.
- A pesar de los avances, las desventajas persistentes en el tratamiento hospitalario psiquiátrico y las altas tasas de comorbilidades físicas en personas con enfermedades mentales siguen siendo problemas críticos.
Conclusiones:
- La eliminación de las desventajas restantes en el tratamiento hospitalario psiquiátrico puede fomentar un mejor equilibrio entre la atención hospitalaria y ambulatoria.
- La mayor colaboración entre especialistas médicos y psiquiatras, respaldada por modelos basados en la evidencia, es crucial para el manejo de la comorbilidad somático-psiquiátrica.
- La educación integral para los profesionales de la salud sobre la comorbilidad somático-psiquiátrica y la implementación generalizada de intervenciones de estilo de vida son esenciales para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes y reducir la mortalidad.
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