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Dirofilariasis como causa de derrame pleural: un reporte de caso
Dora Darapi Marušić1, Ivona Markelić1, Vesna Trkeš1
1Clinic for Respiratory Diseases "Jordanovac", University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
Este reporte de caso detalla un caso raro de dirofilariasis que causa derrame pleural eosinofílico. La extirpación quirúrgica de la infección parasitaria por Dirofilaria spp. condujo a una recuperación completa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Parasitología
- Neumología
- Enfermedades Infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- El derrame pleural eosinofílico a menudo es idiopático o está relacionado con causas comunes como malignidad o infección.
- La dirofilariasis, una infección parasitaria que afecta típicamente a los animales, es una causa poco común de enfermedad en humanos.
- Este caso presenta una manifestación rara de dirofilariasis en un humano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar un caso excepcionalmente raro de dirofilariasis humana que se presenta como derrame pleural eosinofílico.
- Enfatizar la importancia de considerar las infecciones parasitarias en el diagnóstico diferencial de derrames pleurales inexplicables.
Principales métodos:
- Se presentó un hombre de 44 años con dolor en el pecho y tos, lo que llevó a la realización de estudios de imagen y toracentesis.
- Los procedimientos de diagnóstico incluyeron TC de tórax, toracentesis, broncoscopia y cultivos microbiológicos.
- Se realizó la extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión pleural mediante cirugía toracoscópica videoasistida (VATS).
Principales resultados:
- La toracocentesis reveló un derrame pleural eosinofílico.
- El análisis histológico de la lesión pleural extirpada confirmó la infección por Dirofilaria spp.
- Los cultivos microbiológicos y la broncoscopia no revelaron hallazgos significativos.
Conclusiones:
- La dirofilariasis debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial del derrame pleural eosinofílico, particularmente con presentaciones atípicas.
- La extirpación quirúrgica completa del parásito es un tratamiento curativo para esta rara afección.
- Este caso subraya la necesidad de un enfoque diagnóstico amplio en casos de derrame pleural difíciles.
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