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Trabajadores Ocultos en la Australia Envejecida: Protocolo de Estudio de Métodos Mixtos Informado por la
Sora Lee1, Woojin Kang2, Lu Yang1
1Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe Univeristy, Melbourne, Australia.
JMIR research protocols
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
Los australianos mayores enfrentan barreras de empleo, lo que afecta su salud y participación económica. Este estudio investiga a los "trabajadores ocultos" para informar políticas que promuevan la inclusión laboral y el bienestar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Sociología del Trabajo
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las poblaciones que envejecen a nivel mundial presentan fuerzas de trabajo infrautilizadas, denominadas 'trabajadores ocultos'.
- En Australia, muchos adultos mayores dispuestos a trabajar enfrentan desafíos de empleo, lo que contribuye a una importante demografía de trabajadores ocultos.
- Abordar los desafíos de los trabajadores ocultos es vital para las necesidades del mercado laboral, la salud fiscal y el envejecimiento equitativo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar cómo las identidades sociales interconectadas (edad, género, salud, etc.) influyen en la participación en la fuerza laboral oculta y los resultados de salud en los australianos mayores.
- Comparar el estado de salud entre los trabajadores ocultos y los empleados para identificar disparidades.
- Explorar las experiencias vividas de los trabajadores ocultos, centrándose en cómo las desventajas interconectadas afectan el empleo y la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño explicativo secuencial de métodos mixtos.
- Fase 1: Encuesta transversal en línea (n=1166) de trabajadores ocultos (>45 años) y trabajadores actuales, que recopila datos sobre empleo, salud, discriminación y capital social.
- Fase 2: Entrevistas semiestructuradas (n=30) con una submuestra para explorar las experiencias vividas; la Fase 3 implica la integración de datos.
Principales resultados:
- El componente de encuesta en línea se completó en septiembre de 2025.
- Las entrevistas (Fase 2) están actualmente en curso.
- La integración de los hallazgos cuantitativos y cualitativos (Fase 3) está programada para completarse a mediados de 2026.
Conclusiones:
- Esta investigación proporcionará la primera evidencia interseccional sobre los desafíos de salud y empleo que enfrentan los trabajadores ocultos de edad avanzada en Australia.
- Los hallazgos guiarán políticas personalizadas para apoyar la reinserción, reducir las inequidades en salud y aumentar la participación en la fuerza laboral.
- El estudio tiene como objetivo abordar la escasez de habilidades y mejorar la inclusión social y económica de los australianos mayores.
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