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Eficacia de la terapia de exposición intensiva para síntomas persistentes post-concusión: un enfoque de diseño de
Skye King1, Marleen Rijkeboer2, Ieke Winkens1
1Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Center, the Netherlands.
Behaviour research and therapy
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
La terapia de exposición redujo eficazmente la evitación y aumentó la satisfacción con los síntomas persistentes post-concusión (SPPC) después de una lesión cerebral traumática leve (TBI leve). Este tratamiento innovador muestra resultados prometedores para mejorar el funcionamiento diario y la carga de síntomas en pacientes con TBI leve.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psicología
- Medicina de Rehabilitación
Sus antecedentes:
- Los síntomas persistentes post-concusión (SPPC) después de una lesión cerebral traumática leve (TBI leve) a menudo se mantienen por comportamientos de miedo-evitación.
- La terapia de exposición es una intervención potencial, pero su eficacia en poblaciones con TBI leve requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos terapéuticos de la terapia de exposición en los SPPC en personas con TBI leve.
- Examinar la eficacia de esta terapia en diversos entornos de tratamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño experimental de caso único de múltiples líneas de base y múltiples fases con 20 participantes que experimentaban SPPC.
- Las fases incluyeron línea base, exploración, exposición activa, refuerzo y seguimiento, con evaluaciones diarias de evitación de actividades, satisfacción con el funcionamiento diario y experiencia de síntomas.
- Se utilizó el modelado multinivel para el análisis agregado de datos.
Principales resultados:
- La terapia de exposición redujo significativamente los comportamientos de evitación y aumentó la satisfacción con el funcionamiento diario.
- Se observaron mejoras en la carga de síntomas en fases posteriores del tratamiento (refuerzo y seguimiento).
- El sexo, el entorno de tratamiento y el historial de tratamiento de salud mental moderaron los resultados de evitación.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos proporcionan apoyo preliminar a la eficacia de la terapia de exposición, particularmente los enfoques intensivos, para el manejo de los SPPC después de la TBI leve.
- Los resultados refuerzan el modelo de miedo-evitación y resaltan los beneficios de la terapia de exposición para la recuperación de la TBI leve.
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