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Insomnio Pediátrico
Rayan Kteish1, Mathew Ednick1, Catherine Kier1
1Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
Pediatrics in review
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
El insomnio pediátrico, la dificultad para dormir en niños, es común, especialmente en aquellos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) o trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). La terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (TCC-I) es el tratamiento más eficaz.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pediatría; Medicina del Sueño; Psicología Infantil
Sus antecedentes:
- El insomnio pediátrico impacta significativamente el bienestar de los niños, caracterizado por dificultades para iniciar o mantener el sueño.
- La prevalencia del insomnio es mayor en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH).
- Los subtipos comunes incluyen el insomnio conductual y el insomnio psicofisiológico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar la importancia de que los pediatras se familiaricen con el diagnóstico y manejo del insomnio pediátrico.
- Enfatizar la necesidad de descartar afecciones médicas o psicológicas subyacentes que imiten el insomnio.
- Revisar las estrategias de tratamiento actuales y potenciales para el insomnio pediátrico.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión clínica de los subtipos de insomnio pediátrico, prevalencia y afecciones asociadas.
- Evaluación de los desafíos diagnósticos actuales y enfoques de manejo para pediatras.
- Evaluación de la evidencia para la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (TCC-I) y opciones farmacológicas como la melatonina.
Principales resultados:
- El diagnóstico del insomnio pediátrico puede ser un desafío debido a signos clínicos sutiles.
- La terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (TCC-I) es el principal tratamiento basado en evidencia.
- La melatonina muestra resultados prometedores en niños con TEA o TDAH, pero se necesita más investigación sobre otros medicamentos.
Conclusiones:
- Los pediatras deben estar atentos en el diagnóstico y manejo del insomnio, considerando las comorbilidades.
- La intervención temprana es crucial para prevenir el insomnio crónico y sus efectos negativos en la salud mental.
- La TCC-I es el tratamiento de primera línea, con la melatonina como un posible coadyuvante para poblaciones específicas.
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