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Indicadores de crisis preataque en tiradores masivos: Diferencias entre grupos de ningún daño, daño único y daño dual
Diego A Díaz-Faes1, Sonali Rajan2, Charles C Branas1
1Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
Journal of affective disorders
|December 31, 2025
Resumen
Los tiradores masivos exhiben indicadores de crisis variados, y algunos muestran historiales de autolesiones y de dañar a otros. Identificar estos perfiles distintos es clave para desarrollar estrategias de prevención dirigidas a la violencia masiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología; Criminología; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los perpetradores de violencia masiva a menudo muestran angustia psicológica antes de los ataques.
- Investigaciones previas vincularon los historiales de autolesiones y de dañar a otros con resultados adversos.
- El marco de indicadores de crisis no se ha aplicado a los tiradores masivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar los indicadores de crisis entre los tiradores masivos de EE. UU.
- Clasificar a los tiradores en perfiles distintos basados en indicadores de crisis
- Evaluar la utilidad de un marco de daño para la identificación de riesgos.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizaron datos de 197 tiradores masivos de EE. UU. (1966-2023) de la Base de Datos del Proyecto de Violencia.
- Se clasificó a los participantes en grupos de ningún daño, daño único y daño dual.
- Se realizó un análisis de clases latentes (LCA) sobre nueve indicadores de crisis previos al tiroteo.
Principales resultados:
- Un tercio de los tiradores tenía antecedentes de suicidios; más de la mitad dañaron a otros; el 20,3% fueron de daño dual. El LCA identificó cuatro clases: Deprimidos/agitados, Sin crisis, Síntomas psicóticos y Emocionalmente lábiles/agresivos. El grupo de daño dual estuvo sobrerrepresentado en la clase "Emocionalmente lábiles y agresivos".
Conclusiones:
- Los tiradores masivos muestran diversos indicadores de crisis y pueden clasificarse en perfiles distintos.
- Un marco basado en el daño (ningún daño, daño único, daño dual) puede ayudar a identificar el riesgo agudo.
- Los signos de crisis identificables en muchas personas subrayan la necesidad de estrategias de prevención personalizadas.
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