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Complicaciones gastrointestinales en cuidados intensivos
Liping Liu1, Jiali Duan1, Wangping He1
1Emergency Department, Emergency Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Medical review (2021)
|January 1, 2026
Resumen
Las complicaciones gastrointestinales en pacientes críticos empeoran significativamente los resultados. Esta revisión detalla sus causas, diagnóstico y tratamientos, destacando el eje intestino-órgano para mejorar el pronóstico del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de Cuidados Intensivos; Gastroenterología; Fisiopatología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las complicaciones gastrointestinales (GI) son comunes y graves en pacientes críticos.
- Estas complicaciones aumentan la gravedad de la enfermedad, la mortalidad y los costos de atención médica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la epidemiología, fisiopatología y aspectos clínicos de las complicaciones gastrointestinales en pacientes críticos.
- Discutir las estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas.
- Enfatizar el eje intestino-órgano y los efectos sistémicos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura.
- Síntesis de datos epidemiológicos.
- Elucidación de mecanismos fisiopatológicos.
- Discusión de manifestaciones clínicas, diagnósticos y terapéuticas.
Principales resultados:
- Las complicaciones gastrointestinales involucran factores hemodinámicos, inflamatorios, neuroendocrinos y de microbiota.
- El eje intestino-órgano vincula los problemas intestinales con la disfunción de órganos distantes.
- Las intervenciones multimodales son cruciales para el manejo de estas complicaciones.
Conclusiones:
- La identificación y el manejo tempranos de las complicaciones gastrointestinales son vitales para los pacientes críticos.
- Abordar los problemas gastrointestinales mejora la morbilidad y el pronóstico.
- Comprender el eje intestino-órgano es clave para la atención integral del paciente.
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