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Relación entre discapacidad asociada a la hospitalización y recuperación funcional
Haruka Adachi1,2, Wataru Kozuki1, Aki Gen1
1Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka City, Osaka.
Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation
|January 1, 2026
Resumen
La discapacidad asociada a la hospitalización (DAH) es común en adultos mayores. El retraso en la transferencia a la silla de ruedas y el inicio de la deambulación se asocian con un mayor riesgo de DAH, lo que sugiere que la deambulación temprana es clave para la prevención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Geriátrica
- Medicina de Rehabilitación
- Medicina Hospitalaria
Sus antecedentes:
- La discapacidad asociada a la hospitalización (DAH) es una preocupación importante para los pacientes geriátricos.
- La disminución funcional durante la hospitalización afecta la recuperación y los resultados a largo plazo en adultos mayores.
- Comprender los factores que influyen en la DAH es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre el momento de los hitos de recuperación funcional y la discapacidad asociada a la hospitalización (DAH).
- Identificar hitos funcionales específicos que predicen el desarrollo de DAH en pacientes geriátricos.
- Explorar la asociación entre el inicio retrasado de la movilidad y la DAH en adultos mayores hospitalizados.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de 195 pacientes geriátricos (≥70 años) ingresados por condiciones médicas agudas.
- DAH definida como una disminución de ≥5 puntos en el Índice de Barthel desde el valor basal 2 semanas antes del ingreso.
- Se examinó la relación entre la DAH y los días hasta el inicio de sentarse, la transferencia a la silla de ruedas y la deambulación.
Principales resultados:
- La DAH ocurrió en el 34.4% de los pacientes, con retrasos significativos en el inicio de la movilidad.
- El retraso en la transferencia a la silla de ruedas y el inicio de la deambulación se asociaron independientemente con la DAH.
- El momento del inicio de la deambulación mostró una capacidad predictiva moderada para la DAH (AUC=0.741).
Conclusiones:
- El retraso en la transferencia a la silla de ruedas y el inicio de la deambulación aumentan el riesgo de DAH en pacientes hospitalizados mayores.
- El inicio temprano de la deambulación puede ser un objetivo crítico para prevenir la DAH.
- Las intervenciones centradas en la movilidad temprana podrían mitigar la discapacidad en las poblaciones hospitalarias geriátricas.
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