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MXeno dopado con heteroatomo (N,Co) con dopaje sintonizable para mejorar la reacción de evolución del hidrógeno y el almacenamiento de energía
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The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.
With conjugated systems like 1,3-butadiene, the addition of one equivalent of HBr yields a mixture of products: 1,2 and 1,4-addition products. As shown below, the mechanism involves the addition of H+ across one of the double bonds of the conjugated diene to form a resonance stabilized allyl cation. This is followed by the nucleophilic attack of...
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The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
At lower temperatures, the two products are not in equilibrium. Under these conditions, the product distribution depends on the...