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Diversidad microbiana, ensamblajes e interacciones sin explotar en tapetes de manantiales geotérmicos de Ruanda,

Benjamin Manirakiza^1,2, Songhe Zhang³, Felix Gyawu Addo⁴

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China. benjaminmanirakiza500@gmail.com.

Current microbiology

|January 6, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio revela la rica diversidad microbiana en los tapetes de manantiales geotérmicos de Ruanda, destacando distintas comunidades bacterianas y eucariotas. Los procesos estocásticos influyen significativamente en el ensamblaje de la comunidad, y las temperaturas más altas fomentan interacciones microbianas más complejas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología; Ecología; Ciencias Ambientales

Sus antecedentes:

Los ecosistemas geotérmicos albergan comunidades microbianas únicas adaptadas a condiciones extremas.
La exploración de la diversidad microbiana en los tapetes de manantiales geotérmicos africanos, especialmente en Ruanda, sigue siendo limitada.
Comprender los ensamblajes e interacciones microbianas es crucial para comprender la dinámica del ecosistema.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la biodiversidad, los ensamblajes y las interacciones de las comunidades bacterianas y eucariotas en los tapetes de manantiales geotérmicos de Ruanda.
Comparar las comunidades microbianas entre la piscina termal de Bugarama (BHP) y los manantiales termales de Gisenyi (GHS).
Elucidar los roles de los procesos estocásticos y deterministas en el ensamblaje de la comunidad microbiana.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación de alto rendimiento de genes de ARNr 16S y ARNr 18S.
Aplicación de modelos de comunidad nulos y neutrales.
Análisis fisicoquímico y análisis de redes de co-ocurrencia.

Principales resultados:

Se observaron diferencias significativas en los índices de diversidad bacteriana (Shannon, Uniformidad, Simpson) entre los tapetes geotérmicos.
Se encontraron abundancias distintas de taxones bacterianos y eucariotas en BHP y GHS, correlacionadas con los gradientes de temperatura.
Los procesos estocásticos fueron dominantes en el ensamblaje de la comunidad, pero los factores abióticos como la temperatura y el pH también jugaron un papel.
Las temperaturas más altas en GHS se correlacionaron con interacciones microbianas más complejas y estables.

Conclusiones:

Los tapetes de manantiales geotérmicos de Ruanda albergan una diversidad microbiana rica y poco explorada e interacciones complejas.
La estocasticidad es un importante impulsor del ensamblaje de la comunidad microbiana en estos entornos.
Se identificaron taxones eucariotas novedosos tolerantes a la temperatura, incluidos patógenos y depredadores, en hábitats geotérmicos.

Palabras clave:

diversidad microbiana manantiales geotérmicos Ruanda comunidades bacterianas comunidades eucariotas ensamblaje de comunidades interacciones microbianas modelos de comunidad neutral secuenciación de ARNr ecología microbiana

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