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Los eventos musicales a gran escala pueden causar daño auditivo subclínico
Nele De Poortere1, Wannes Van Ransbeeck2, Sarineh Keshishzadeh2
1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. nele.depoortere@ugent.be.
Scientific reports
|January 6, 2026
Resumen
La escucha insegura puede causar daño auditivo oculto, sinaptopatía coclear, incluso con pruebas de audición normales. Se necesitan métodos de detección temprana para identificar este daño subclínico en los jóvenes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Audiología; Neurociencia; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Más de 1.100 millones de jóvenes corren el riesgo de sufrir pérdida de audición debido a la escucha recreativa insegura.
- Las pruebas auditivas tradicionales pueden pasar por alto la sinaptopatía coclear (SC) inducida por ruido, un daño oculto que afecta el procesamiento auditivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar longitudinalmente el vínculo entre la exposición al ruido recreativo y los cambios audiométricos y auditivos ocultos.
- Evaluar la efectividad de la dosimetría personal, la audiometría y los marcadores fisiológicos en la detección del daño auditivo inducido por ruido.
Principales métodos:
- Se monitorizaron cuarenta y dos adultos jóvenes utilizando dosímetros de sonido personales, audiometría, otoemisiones acústicas y potenciales evocados auditivos (AEP) antes y después de eventos musicales.
- Los niveles de exposición promediaron 100 dBA durante más de 10 horas.
Principales resultados:
- Solo un participante mostró una pérdida significativa de la sensibilidad auditiva, pero cinco exhibieron marcadores agudos de AEP de daño sináptico dentro de las 24 horas posteriores a la exposición.
- Este daño subclínico persistió hasta por 14 días en dos individuos, a pesar de audiogramas normales.
- No se encontró correlación directa entre los niveles de exposición al ruido y el daño, lo que indica susceptibilidad individual.
Conclusiones:
- La audiometría estándar puede no detectar daños auditivos tempranos inducidos por ruido como la sinaptopatía coclear.
- Existe una necesidad crítica de herramientas de diagnóstico que identifiquen problemas auditivos subclínicos.
- Las estrategias de protección y las prácticas de monitoreo deben considerar la vulnerabilidad individual y la variabilidad de la exposición al ruido en el mundo real.
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