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Modulador de empalme oral branaplam en la enfermedad de Huntington: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado de fase 2
Beth Borowsky1, Harry Ramos2, Angelika Caputo3
1Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, NJ, USA. beth.borowsky@novartis.com.
Nature medicine
|January 6, 2026
Resumen
Branaplam, un nuevo modulador de empalme, fue el primero en reducir la huntingtina mutante (HTT) en la enfermedad de Huntington
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Genética
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo monogénico causado por mutaciones expandidas en el gen huntingtina (HTT).
- La reducción de los niveles de la proteína HTT mutante es una estrategia terapéutica clave para la EH.
- Branaplam es un modulador de empalme del ARN mensajero HTT disponible por vía oral, diseñado para reducir los niveles de la proteína HTT.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de branaplam en personas con enfermedad de Huntington.
- Evaluar la capacidad de branaplam para reducir los niveles de HTT mutante en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR).
- Investigar los posibles efectos neurotóxicos de branaplam utilizando datos preclínicos y clínicos.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio aleatorizado de fase 2b (VIBRANT-HD) con un diseño innovador informado por datos preclínicos.
- La monitorización de seguridad dirigida incluyó mediciones de cadena ligera de neurofilamentos (NfL) y estudios de conducción nerviosa.
- Se utilizaron cohortes escalonadas para detectar precozmente una posible neurotoxicidad.
Principales resultados:
- En la cohorte inicial, el 85,7% de los participantes que recibieron 56 mg de branaplam semanalmente mostraron signos de neuropatía periférica.
- Branaplam fue el primer modulador de empalme en demostrar una reducción en los niveles de HTT mutante en el LCR en comparación con el placebo.
- Se observaron niveles elevados de NfL, indicativos de neurotoxicidad, pero se revirtieron al suspender el tratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio VIBRANT-HD se interrumpió prematuramente debido a una señal de seguridad de neuropatía periférica asociada con branaplam.
- A pesar de la interrupción temprana, branaplam redujo con éxito los niveles de HTT mutante en el LCR de pacientes con EH.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender y mitigar el potencial neurotóxico de los moduladores de empalme de HTT.
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