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Acceso a los servicios de salud para comunidades étnicamente subrepresentadas: una revisión de alcance de
Jessica Rose Pawson1, Simon Cannon2, Saira Nazeer2
1Bone & Joint Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London.
PloS one
|January 6, 2026
Resumen
Las intervenciones complejas muestran ser prometedoras para mejorar el acceso a la atención médica de las minorías étnicas en el Reino Unido. Se necesita más investigación para evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones y promover la prestación equitativa de atención médica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Investigación de Servicios de Salud
- Equidad en Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- El acceso y la participación en la atención médica siguen siendo desafíos importantes para las comunidades étnicamente subrepresentadas en el Reino Unido.
- Las intervenciones complejas se utilizan cada vez más para abordar estas disparidades.
- Comprender los factores de equidad dentro de estas intervenciones es crucial para una implementación efectiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- sistemáticamente el evidencia sobre intervenciones complejas destinadas a mejorar el acceso y la participación en la atención médica para grupos étnicamente subrepresentados en el Reino Unido.
- explorar las dimensiones de equidad de estas intervenciones utilizando marcos establecidos.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión de alcance guiada por la Lista de Verificación de Extensión de Elementos de Informes Preferidos para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis para Revisiones de Alcance (PRISMA-ScR).
- Las búsquedas se realizaron en seis bases de datos, con análisis utilizando análisis de contenido reflexivo y temático.
- Las intervenciones se mapearon en el marco de acceso centrado en el paciente y el marco de equidad PROGRESS-Plus.
Principales resultados:
- 35 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, principalmente en atención primaria (63%) y salud mental (31%).
- Las intervenciones incluyeron trabajadores de extensión, entornos comunitarios, adaptaciones culturales y capacitación del personal, dirigidas a diversos grupos como del sur de Asia, afrocaribeños y gitanos, romaníes y viajeros.
- La efectividad se evaluó en solo un tercio de los estudios, y PROGRESS-Plus identificó exclusiones basadas en la edad, la etnia, la discapacidad y la competencia lingüística.
Conclusiones:
- Se representaron todos los dominios del marco de acceso centrado en el paciente, siendo la accesibilidad y la aceptabilidad los más comunes.
- A pesar de la limitada evaluación de la efectividad, las intervenciones complejas demuestran potencial para mejorar la equidad en salud en comunidades subrepresentadas.
- La investigación futura debe centrarse en la efectividad, la traducción más allá de la atención primaria/salud mental y la colaboración mejorada con las comunidades.
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