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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Multimodal Study of Murine Cardiovascular Remodeling: Four-Dimensional Ultrasound and Mass Spectrometry Imaging
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SCALE: identificación no supervisada de dominios multiescala en datos ómicos espaciales

Behnam Yousefi1,2, Darius P Schaub1,3, Robin Khatri1,4

  • 1Institute of Medical Systems Bioinformatics, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.

Nucleic acids research
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Desarrollamos SCALE, un nuevo algoritmo para identificar dominios funcionales jerárquicos en datos de transcriptómica espacial. Esta herramienta revela la organización tisular multiescala, avanzando nuestra comprensión de los sistemas biológicos en la salud y la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
SCALEtranscriptómica espacialdominios funcionalesanálisis multiescalaorganización tisularbiología computacional

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología computacional
  • Genómica
  • Bioinformática

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transcriptómica espacial de células únicas mapea los estados celulares dentro de los tejidos.
  • Los sistemas biológicos exhiben una organización jerárquica con dominios funcionales multiescala.
  • La identificación computacional de estas jerarquías de dominios es un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Presentar SCALE, un algoritmo no supervisado para la identificación de dominios multiescala en transcriptómica espacial.
  • Permitir el descubrimiento de dominios funcionales jerárquicos en diversas escalas espaciales.
  • Proporcionar una herramienta robusta y escalable para analizar arquitecturas tisulares complejas.

Principales métodos:

  • SCALE emplea aprendizaje de representación de grafos basado en aprendizaje profundo.
  • Se integra un algoritmo de búsqueda basado en entropía para la detección de escalas.
  • El algoritmo se valida en conjuntos de datos de transcriptómica espacial simulados y del mundo real.

Principales resultados:

  • SCALE identifica eficazmente dominios funcionales multiescala en diversos tejidos (cerebro murino, riñón).
  • Demostró robustez y escalabilidad en datos Xenium y MERFISH.
  • Superó a los métodos de última generación hasta en 191,1 puntos porcentuales.

Conclusiones:

  • SCALE es una herramienta fácil de usar para descubrir la organización tisular jerárquica.
  • Facilita una comprensión más profunda de la función tisular y las interacciones celulares.
  • Avanza el estudio de los sistemas biológicos tanto en contextos de salud como de enfermedad.