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Enfoques nutricionales basados en mecanismos en la caquexia por cáncer
Emma Elisabeth Cappellato1, Paola Costelli, Fabio Penna
1University of Torino, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin, Italy.
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
|January 7, 2026
Resumen
Las intervenciones basadas en nutrientes muestran ser prometedoras para el manejo de la caquexia por cáncer, un síndrome de desgaste que afecta la supervivencia del paciente. Las combinaciones de suplementos específicos pueden ofrecer una estrategia eficaz para preservar la masa muscular y mejorar la calidad de vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
- Investigación Metabólica
Sus antecedentes:
- La caquexia por cáncer es un síndrome debilitante que afecta la supervivencia y la calidad de vida del paciente.
- El soporte nutricional actual a menudo es inadecuado para el manejo de la caquexia.
- No existe un tratamiento estandarizado ni un enfoque nutricional aprobado para la caquexia por cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la investigación reciente sobre intervenciones nutricionales para la caquexia por cáncer.
- Destacar los suplementos dirigidos a la preservación del músculo esquelético y las vías moleculares.
- Explorar estrategias potenciales para el manejo de la caquexia por cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica reciente sobre nutrición y caquexia por cáncer.
- Enfoque en estudios preclínicos y clínicos de suplementos nutricionales específicos.
- Análisis de las vías moleculares y los efectos fisiológicos de las intervenciones.
Principales resultados:
- Los aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (BCAA) y la alanina dipeptida restauran la proteostasis muscular y mejoran la señalización anabólica.
- El alfa-cetoisocaproato y los derivados de la metionina protegen contra la pérdida muscular a través de vías de señalización específicas.
- La L-carnitina y los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 ofrecen beneficios antiinflamatorios y protectores musculares.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones basadas en nutrientes muestran potencial para abordar la caquexia por cáncer.
- Los enfoques combinatorios que integran múltiples nutrientes pueden formar una estrategia de manejo eficaz.
- Las intervenciones futuras contra la caquexia por cáncer podrían basarse en estos hallazgos.
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