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Espectro Fenotípico de Foliculitis Decalvante y Liquen Planopilar de Inicio Pediátrico: ¿Es una Enfermedad Diferente?
Andrew Awad1, Yong Chern Kho2, Leila Asfour3
1Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Experimental dermatology
|January 7, 2026
Resumen
El espectro fenotípico de foliculitis decalvante y liquen planopilar (FDLPPPS) es una alopecia cicatricial agresiva que puede manifestarse en la infancia. Esta afección, a menudo asociada con queratosis pilaris, presenta características clínicas e histopatológicas únicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Dermatología; Patología
Sus antecedentes:
- La foliculitis decalvante (FD) y el liquen planopilar (LPP) son alopecias primarias cicatriciales (APC) distintas.
- El espectro fenotípico de foliculitis decalvante y liquen planopilar (FDLPPPS) describe casos con características superpuestas de FD y LPP.
- El FDLPPPS es una afección rara, con datos limitados sobre el inicio en la infancia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir las características clinicopatológicas del FDLPPPS que se presenta en la infancia.
- Evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento en casos pediátricos de FDLPPPS.
- Explorar posibles asociaciones, como con la queratosis pilaris.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión retrospectiva de casos pediátricos de FDLPPPS (inicio ≤ 18 años) de cuatro clínicas internacionales de dermatología.
- La recopilación de datos incluyó presentación clínica, tricoscopia, histopatología y resultados del tratamiento.
- Análisis de 14 pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados entre agosto de 2020 y febrero de 2024.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron catorce pacientes (10 mujeres, 4 hombres) con una edad media de inicio de 12,4 años.
- Los síntomas comunes incluyeron picazón, dolor, formación de costras, eritema y pústulas.
- La histopatología reveló infiltrado linfocítico perifolicular y fibrosis concéntrica lamelar en la mayoría de los casos.
- Ocho pacientes tenían queratosis pilaris o variantes.
- Se logró la estabilización de la enfermedad en siete pacientes, pero seis experimentaron pérdida continua de cabello.
Conclusiones:
- El FDLPPPS puede presentarse agresivamente en la infancia, lo que supone un desafío diagnóstico.
- La asociación con la queratosis pilaris sugiere un posible vínculo con los trastornos de la queratinización.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender la patogénesis y optimizar el tratamiento del FDLPPPS pediátrico.
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