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Actividad física durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una retrospectiva de 5 años
Jeffrey A Woods1,2, Noah T Hutchinson1,2, Scott K Powers3
1Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Sports medicine and health science
|January 7, 2026
Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 impactó negativamente la salud humana, afectando múltiples sistemas. La reducción de la actividad física (AF) empeoró los resultados, aumentando el riesgo de Long-COVID. Las intervenciones personalizadas son cruciales para diversas poblaciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología; Fisiología; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 causó una mortalidad global significativa y alteraciones del estilo de vida.
- La reducción de la actividad física (AF) y el aumento del estrés exacerbaron los problemas de salud.
- Comprender los impactos virales en los sistemas orgánicos es fundamental para desarrollar tratamientos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud humana.
- Examinar el papel de la actividad física (AF) durante la pandemia.
- Analizar los efectos sobre los sistemas inmunitario, cardiopulmonar, musculoesquelético y nervioso central, especialmente en grupos vulnerables.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica existente sobre los impactos en la salud de COVID-19.
- Análisis de estudios centrados en los niveles de actividad física y los resultados de salud.
- Examen de los mecanismos celulares y moleculares subyacentes a la disfunción de los sistemas orgánicos.
Principales resultados:
- La infección viral conduce a disfunción mitocondrial, reducción de la microcirculación y activación inmune, lo que perjudica las funciones cardiovasculares y bioenergéticas.
- La inactividad física y el estrés psicológico amplifican los efectos adversos de COVID-19, lo que podría conducir a Long-COVID.
- Las poblaciones experimentaron impactos diferenciales, lo que requiere estrategias de salud pública personalizadas.
Conclusiones:
- La investigación continua sobre los mecanismos moleculares es esencial para el desarrollo eficaz de fármacos y vacunas.
- Abordar la inactividad física y el estrés es vital para mitigar las consecuencias para la salud relacionadas con la pandemia.
- Se requieren estrategias personalizadas y flexibles para gestionar los diversos efectos sobre la salud de la pandemia en diferentes datos demográficos.
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