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Fijación de carbono estratificada verticalmente y procesos de acoplamiento en sedimentos de aguas profundas

Hai Shi¹, Xiaotong Zhang¹, Liyan Liu¹

¹Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266000, China.

ISME communications

|January 7, 2026

Resumen

Los microbios de aguas profundas fijan carbono a través de diversas vías, que cambian con la profundidad. El carbono inorgánico disuelto y el amonio impulsan estos procesos, revelando información crucial sobre el ciclo del carbono de la biosfera profunda.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología marina
Biogeoquímica
Ecología de aguas profundas

Sus antecedentes:

Los sedimentos de aguas profundas son vitales para el ciclo global del carbono, pero se comprenden mal.
La fijación microbiana de carbono, sus vías y sus impulsores en ambientes de aguas profundas siguen siendo en gran medida inexplorados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la fijación microbiana de carbono y el metabolismo energético en sedimentos del Mar de China Meridional.
Determinar la distribución vertical de las vías de fijación de carbono y sus impulsores ambientales.
Caracterizar las comunidades microbianas involucradas en la fijación de carbono en diferentes profundidades de sedimento.

Principales métodos:

Se analizó la fijación microbiana de carbono y el metabolismo energético asociado en núcleos de sedimento (0-690 cm).
Se evaluó la influencia de factores ambientales como el carbono inorgánico disuelto y el amonio.
Se utilizó análisis metagenómico para identificar vías de fijación de carbono, genes funcionales y taxones microbianos.

Principales resultados:

Las concentraciones de carbono inorgánico disuelto y amonio fueron los principales impulsores de la fijación de carbono y los procesos redox.
La diversidad de genes de fijación de carbono aumentó con la profundidad, mientras que la complejidad de la red disminuyó.
Se observó una sucesión vertical de vías: Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) y glicina reductora (rGLY) en sedimentos superficiales, Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) en capas más profundas.
Gammaproteobacteria y Methylomirabilia dominaron los sedimentos superficiales; Desulfobacterota, Chloroflexota y Aerophobota predominaron en profundidad.
La mayoría de los microbios identificados que fijan carbono exhibieron estilos de vida mixotróficos.

Conclusiones:

Las comunidades microbianas del subsuelo de aguas profundas poseen un potencial significativo de fijación de carbono.
Los hallazgos avanzan la comprensión de los flujos de carbono y las estrategias metabólicas microbianas en la biosfera profunda.
La estratificación vertical de las comunidades microbianas y las vías metabólicas es una característica clave de los sedimentos de aguas profundas.

Palabras clave:

fijación de carbono sedimento de aguas profundas procesos redox estratificación vertical

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