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Factores de riesgo serológicos asociados con complicaciones de artroplastia

Mars Zhao¹, Janan Ashique², Cole Elaschuk²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Journal of orthopaedics

|January 7, 2026

Resumen

Los análisis de sangre perioperatorios pueden predecir complicaciones después de la cirugía de reemplazo de cadera y rodilla. Los marcadores de sangre específicos y los factores del paciente identificados en este estudio pueden ayudar a identificar a las personas de alto riesgo para una intervención temprana.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cirugía Ortopédica; Patología Clínica; Seguridad del Paciente

Sus antecedentes:

Las complicaciones postoperatorias impactan significativamente la calidad de vida del paciente después de la artroplastia.; Los análisis de sangre perioperatorios de rutina pueden ofrecer valor predictivo para estas complicaciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la serología preoperatoria y postoperatoria y las complicaciones en la artroplastia de cadera y rodilla.; Identificar posibles marcadores serológicos para predecir complicaciones postoperatorias.

Principales métodos:

Revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de 141 pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias y 120 controles sometidos a artroplastia de cadera y rodilla.; Recopilación de datos del paciente, quirúrgicos y serológicos.; Análisis de regresión logística regularizada L2 para identificar predictores independientes de complicaciones.

Principales resultados:

El grupo de complicaciones presentó mayor edad, sexo masculino, osteoporosis, índice de comorbilidad de Charlson y procedimientos bilaterales.; Los predictores preoperatorios incluyeron menor hemoglobina, mayor recuento de basófilos y mayor relación monocto-linfocitos.; Los predictores postoperatorios incluyeron menor recuento de glóbulos blancos (WBC) y neutrófilos, aumento del recuento de eosinófilos, edad, IMC y anticoagulación no ASA.

Conclusiones:

Múltiples factores perioperatorios del paciente, quirúrgicos y serológicos se asocian con complicaciones postoperatorias después de la artroplastia de cadera y rodilla.; Los marcadores identificados pueden ayudar en el monitoreo de pacientes de alto riesgo y facilitar intervenciones oportunas.

Palabras clave:

Complicaciones Análisis de sangre postoperatorio Análisis de sangre preoperatorio Factores de riesgo serológicos

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