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Ruptura diafragmática traumática y hernia de la pared torácica izquierda

Yuriy Stukov¹, Chasen Croft¹, Anne-Marie Fassler¹

¹Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Multimedia manual of cardiothoracic surgery : MMCTS

|January 7, 2026

Resumen

La ruptura diafragmática por contusión, una lesión rara pero grave, ocurre cuando el aumento de la presión abdominal causa la herniación de vísceras hacia el tórax. Este caso destaca la ruptura diafragmática traumática tras una colisión de vehículo motorizado.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cirugía de trauma; Cirugía torácica; Medicina de emergencia

Sus antecedentes:

La ruptura diafragmática por contusión es una lesión rara con una alta tasa de mortalidad.; La fisiopatología implica un aumento de la presión intraabdominal que causa la herniación de vísceras en la cavidad pleural.; Las rupturas del lado izquierdo son más comunes debido a la protección del hígado del diafragma derecho.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar un caso de ruptura diafragmática traumática y hernia de la pared torácica.; Ilustrar la presentación clínica y el manejo de esta rara lesión.; Proporcionar un tutorial en video con fines educativos.

Principales métodos:

Presentación de caso de un paciente con politraumatismo.; Colisión de vehículo motorizado como evento desencadenante.; Diagnóstico y manejo de la ruptura diafragmática traumática.

Principales resultados:

El paciente sufrió una ruptura diafragmática traumática y una hernia de la pared torácica izquierda.; El contenido abdominal se hernió en la cavidad torácica, lo que podría causar complicaciones.; La presentación clínica incluyó síntomas de dolor torácico, dificultad respiratoria y peritonitis.

Conclusiones:

La ruptura diafragmática traumática requiere un diagnóstico y manejo rápidos.; La herniación de vísceras en el tórax puede provocar una morbilidad significativa.; Este caso subraya la importancia de reconocer las lesiones diafragmáticas en pacientes con politraumatismo.

Palabras clave:

Traumatismo torácico por contusión Pared torácica Toracotomía lateral Traumatismo

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