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Un nuevo índice para la evaluación de la estabilidad de frecuencia en sistemas de potencia de baja inercia
Sishi Qin1, Sim Sy Yi2, Chao Zhang1
1School of Power Engineering, Guangxi Electrical Polytechnic Institute, Nanning, China.
PloS one
|January 7, 2026
Resumen
Se introduce un nuevo índice de margen de estabilidad de frecuencia (FSM) para sistemas de potencia de baja inercia. Este índice ayuda a analizar y garantizar la operación estable de las redes con una creciente integración de energías renovables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería Eléctrica
- Análisis de Sistemas de Potencia
- Integración de Energías Renovables
Sus antecedentes:
- Los generadores síncronos tradicionales están siendo reemplazados por convertidores que forman la red (GFM) y convertidores que siguen la red (GFL).
- Este cambio altera significativamente las características de inercia del sistema, lo que plantea desafíos para los métodos convencionales de análisis de estabilidad.
- Los sistemas de potencia de baja inercia requieren enfoques novedosos para evaluar y mantener la estabilidad de frecuencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer un nuevo índice de red, el margen de estabilidad de frecuencia (FSM), para evaluar la estabilidad de frecuencia en sistemas de potencia de baja inercia.
- Definir, cuantificar y demostrar las aplicaciones prácticas del FSM.
- Proporcionar un marco teórico para optimizar las estrategias de planificación de plantas de nueva energía y operación de la red.
Principales métodos:
- Se desarrollaron los fundamentos matemáticos y las definiciones operativas del FSM.
- Se investigaron los factores que influyen en el FSM y se creó un modelo matemático integral para sistemas de baja inercia.
- Se estableció un método de cálculo del FSM utilizando el modelado agregado del sistema y se derivó un enfoque de estimación simplificado.
Principales resultados:
- Se validó la efectividad del FSM a través de estudios de caso utilizando datos de la red provincial china y un sistema modificado de 39 barras IEEE.
- Se demostró la capacidad del FSM para analizar la estabilidad de frecuencia en redes de baja inercia.
- Se estableció una base teórica para mejorar la planificación y operación de plantas de nueva energía.
Conclusiones:
- El FSM propuesto proporciona una guía esencial para la operación segura y estable de sistemas de potencia de baja inercia.
- El marco del FSM apoya la planificación y el desarrollo optimizados de plantas de nueva energía.
- Este índice es crucial para formular estrategias efectivas de control de operación de la red en sistemas de potencia en evolución.
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