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Ejercicio para la depresión
Andrew J Clegg1, James E Hill1, Donncha S Mullin2
1Applied Health Research hub, University of Lancashire, Preston, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|January 7, 2026
Resumen
El ejercicio puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas de la depresión en comparación con la no intervención. Parece ser tan eficaz como los tratamientos psicológicos o farmacológicos, pero se necesita más investigación para confirmar los beneficios a largo plazo y mejorar la calidad de los ensayos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación en Salud Mental
- Psicología Clínica
- Ciencias del Ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La depresión es una de las principales causas de enfermedad y muerte a nivel mundial.
- Los antidepresivos y la psicoterapia son tratamientos comunes, pero se buscan opciones alternativas como el ejercicio.
- Esta revisión es una actualización de investigaciones previas sobre el ejercicio para la depresión, publicada por primera vez en 2008.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia del ejercicio en el tratamiento de la depresión en adultos en comparación con la no intervención o el placebo.
- Evaluar el ejercicio como terapia complementaria.
- Comparar el ejercicio con otros tratamientos activos como terapias psicológicas o medicamentos.
Principales métodos:
- Se incluyeron 73 ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) con más de 4985 participantes adultos.
- Se buscaron en las principales bases de datos (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL) hasta noviembre de 2023.
- Se analizaron los datos utilizando diferencias de medias estandarizadas (DME) y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo.
Principales resultados:
- El ejercicio mostró un efecto moderado en la reducción de los síntomas depresivos en comparación con los grupos de control (evidencia de baja certeza).
- El ejercicio demostró una eficacia similar a las terapias psicológicas y los tratamientos farmacológicos (evidencia de moderada a baja certeza).
- La evidencia de efectos a largo plazo fue limitada e incierta; muchos ensayos tuvieron un alto riesgo de sesgo.
Conclusiones:
- El ejercicio puede ofrecer un beneficio moderado para la reducción de los síntomas de la depresión.
- Es probable que el ejercicio sea comparable en eficacia a los tratamientos establecidos.
- La investigación futura debe priorizar ensayos de mayor calidad y explorar el papel del ejercicio en la equidad sanitaria.
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