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Cambio genético entre unicelularidad y multicelularidad en levaduras marinas
Gakuho Kurita1, Kyoka A Adachi1, Kazuma Uesaka2
1Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Japan.
Nature
|January 7, 2026
Resumen
Los investigadores descubrieron cómo algunas levaduras negras cambian entre la vida unicelular y multicelular basada en nutrientes. Esto revela estrategias genéticas y celulares para la plasticidad fenotípica, un rasgo evolutivo clave.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- Micología
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La transición de la vida unicelular a la multicelular es un evento evolutivo importante.
- La multicelularidad clonal facultativa, donde los organismos pueden cambiar entre estados unicelulares y multicelulares, puede representar una etapa evolutiva intermedia.
- Los mecanismos genéticos y celulares subyacentes que controlan este interruptor son en gran medida desconocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar la base genética y celular de la multicelularidad clonal facultativa sensible a la nutrición en las levaduras negras.
- Comprender los mecanismos moleculares que regulan las transiciones entre el crecimiento unicelular y multicelular.
- Explorar los factores ecológicos que influyen en la multicelularidad facultativa.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis genético de las deleciones de genes en Hortaea werneckii para observar cambios fenotípicos.
- Identificación de genes reguladores clave, incluida una proteína Myb, involucrada en las transiciones de estado.
- Estudios ecológicos sobre levaduras asociadas con esponjas y el efecto del medio acondicionado con esponjas.
Principales resultados:
- La eliminación de diez genes específicos en H. werneckii dio lugar a fenotipos unicelulares o multicelulares estables.
- Seis de estos genes son reguladores de la conidiación en los hongos filamentosos, lo que sugiere la cooptación para la multicelularidad.
- Una proteína Myb actúa como un interruptor, con su expresión y degradación vinculada a la disponibilidad de nutrientes, controlando los estados unicelulares / multicelulares.
- El gen Myb no es esencial para la multicelularidad facultativa en la especie relacionada Neodothiora pruni.
- La multicelularidad en H. werneckii es inducida por entornos asociados a la esponja.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio establece un sistema modelo para el estudio de la multicelularidad clonal facultativa.
- Identificó estrategias genéticas y celulares para ganar, perder y recuperar la multicelularidad.
- Destaca la diversidad molecular en la regulación de la plasticidad fenotípica entre especies.
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