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El efecto de las incretinas es suficiente para el control de la glucosa en ratas en desarrollo

Kouji Motokura¹, Seiichi Tomotaki¹, Yutaro Tomobe¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

The Journal of endocrinology

|January 8, 2026

Resumen

Las hormonas incretinas estimulan la secreción de insulina en cachorros de rata en desarrollo, de manera similar a los adultos. Las terapias dirigidas a las incretinas, como los inhibidores de la DPP-4 y los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1, no causaron hipoglucemia, lo que sugiere su potencial seguridad para el tratamiento de la hiperglucemia neonatal.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología Neonatal
Endocrinología
Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

La hiperglucemia neonatal es común en lactantes prematuros.
El tratamiento requiere un bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia.
Las terapias basadas en incretinas ofrecen un bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia en adultos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la secreción de insulina mejorada por hormonas incretinas en la regulación de la glucosa en cachorros de rata.
Evaluar el riesgo de hipoglucemia con terapias basadas en incretinas en ratas en desarrollo.

Principales métodos:

Pruebas de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (OGTT) y pruebas de tolerancia a la glucosa intraperitoneal (IPGTT) en ratas Wistar de 2 semanas de edad.
Comparación de concentraciones séricas de glucosa, insulina y hormonas incretinas.
Administración de un inhibidor de la DPP-4 (linagliptina) y un agonista del receptor de GLP-1 (liraglutida).

Principales resultados:

El efecto de las incretinas fue sustancial (63%) en cachorros de rata, con una mayor secreción de insulina durante la OGTT en comparación con la IPGTT.
Las dosis terapéuticas de linagliptina y liraglutida no indujeron hipoglucemia en ratas en desarrollo.

Conclusiones:

Las hormonas incretinas endógenas estimulan la secreción de insulina en ratas de 2 semanas de edad, reflejando las respuestas de los adultos.
Los inhibidores de la DPP-4 y los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 parecen ser seguros, sin causar hipoglucemia en este modelo.
Las terapias basadas en incretinas pueden representar una estrategia terapéutica segura para la hiperglucemia neonatal en lactantes prematuros.

Palabras clave:

Glucagón-péptido similar 1 Péptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa Hiperglucemia Incretina Prematuro

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