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El Impacto de la Memoria y la Ansiedad en la Consistencia de la Elección
Fei Xin1, Jialuo Lai1, Manru Guo1
1School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 8, 2026
Resumen
La ansiedad estatal perjudica la consistencia de la elección al alterar la recuperación de la memoria, lo que lleva a una toma de decisiones menos confiable. Recordar elementos mejora la consistencia, pero la ansiedad anula este efecto al alterar la asignación de recursos neuronales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia Cognitiva
- Ciencia de la Decisión
- Neuroeconomía
Sus antecedentes:
- La consistencia de la elección es vital para la toma de decisiones racional, pero a menudo se desvía en escenarios del mundo real.
- Comprender los factores que influyen en la variabilidad de la elección, como la ansiedad y la memoria, es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la ansiedad estatal y la memoria modulan dinámicamente la consistencia de la elección.
- Explorar los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes a estas modulaciones.
Principales métodos:
- Combinación de modelado computacional, neuroimagen (fMRI) y evaluaciones conductuales.
- Inducción de ansiedad estatal utilizando un paradigma de amenaza de descarga.
- Evaluación de la consistencia de la elección y la recuperación de la memoria de alimentos.
Principales resultados:
- Los elementos recordados condujeron a elecciones más consistentes y rápidas, vinculadas a umbrales de decisión más bajos.
- La ansiedad estatal perjudicó la consistencia de la elección y la recuperación de la memoria, con una precisión reducida que se correlacionó con decisiones más rápidas.
- La activación de la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral (dlPFC) predijo la consistencia de la elección; la participación de la corteza orbitofrontal (OFC) predijo la precisión de la memoria.
- La ansiedad reasignó recursos neuronales, suprimiendo regiones sensoriomotoras y de memoria al tiempo que mejoraba las redes de saliencia emocional.
Conclusiones:
- La ansiedad altera la consistencia de la elección principalmente al perjudicar los procesos de recuperación de la memoria.
- La recuperación de la memoria es fundamental para estabilizar las preferencias basadas en el valor y garantizar elecciones consistentes.
- La reasignación de recursos neuronales bajo ansiedad impacta significativamente la estabilidad de la toma de decisiones y el rendimiento de la memoria.
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