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Asociación entre la ingesta de cafeína y la mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica: un estudio basado
Wen-Long Cao1, Jian-Duan Zhang2, Jing Xiong3
1Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
Current medical science
|January 8, 2026
Resumen
La ingesta de cafeína puede beneficiar a los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), pero las cantidades excesivas aumentan los riesgos de mortalidad. El consumo moderado, por debajo de 277 mg, se asocia con una menor mortalidad por todas las causas en pacientes con ERC.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Nefrología
- Epidemiología
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Se conocen los beneficios de la cafeína para la salud, pero su impacto en la mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) está poco estudiado.
- Los datos epidemiológicos a gran escala sobre la ingesta de cafeína y la mortalidad en poblaciones con ERC son escasos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la ingesta de cafeína y la mortalidad en pacientes con ERC no en diálisis.
- Explorar las relaciones lineales y no lineales, incluidos los efectos umbral.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de la National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016 en pacientes con ERC no en diálisis.
- Se emplearon análisis de regresión COX ponderada, spline cúbico restringido y regresión lineal de dos tramos.
- Se examinaron las asociaciones con la mortalidad por todas las causas y la mortalidad por causas específicas (enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer, etc.).
Principales resultados:
- No se encontró una asociación lineal significativa entre la ingesta de cafeína y la mortalidad.
- Se observó una asociación en forma de U para la mortalidad por todas las causas (punto de inflexión: 277 mg).
- Se encontraron asociaciones en forma de J para la mortalidad cardiovascular y por cáncer (puntos de inflexión: 252 mg y 79 mg, respectivamente).
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta de cafeína por debajo de 277 mg (aproximadamente 1,85 Americanos) puede reducir la mortalidad por todas las causas en pacientes con ERC.
- El consumo excesivo de cafeína se asocia con un aumento de la mortalidad por todas las causas, cardiovascular y por cáncer en esta población.
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