Eficacia de las Intervenciones Dentales Adaptadas Sensorialmente para Niños con Discapacidades del Desarrollo y Sensibilidades Sensoriales

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often more sensitive to environmental stimuli, particularly light, sound, and touch, which can provoke significant anxiety and behavioral resistance during dental visits, thereby contributing to poor oral health.

To assess the efficacy of sensory adapted dental environments (SADEs) and related interventions to reduce dental anxiety by improving behavioral cooperation of children with ASD based on peer-reviewed evidence.

English language studies published between January 2010 and June 2025 were retrieved from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "autism spectrum disorder," "sensory adapted dental environment," "multisensory," "dental anxiety," and "occupational therapy." Reports were limited to randomized controlled trials, quasi experimental studies, observational research, and systematic reviews involving children with ASD or other developmental disabilities. Data were assessed qualitatively.

Evidence indicates that SADEs consistently reduced physiological and behavioral signs of dental anxiety. A large crossover trial involving 162 autistic children reported that visual, auditory, and tactile adaptations significantly reduced stress during dental cleanings. Modifications (dimmed lighting, nature sounds, slow motion projections, and deep pressure wraps) were effective. A 2024 study involving neurotypical children found improved behavior and reduced anxiety in the SADE group, along with lower heart rates and higher oxygen saturation. A randomized trial of children with Down syndrome demonstrated that a multisensory waiting room significantly reduced heart rate and anxiety scores. While the primary focus was ASD, some comparative studies involving neurotypical children and children with Down syndrome were reviewed due to their relevance to sensory-processing mechanisms Meta-analyses of five studies found that SADEs significantly lowered psychophysiological markers of anxiety Conclusion: Current evidence supports the efficacy of SADEs to reduce anxiety and enhance cooperation of children with ASD. These interventions are cost-effective, feasible, and easily tailored to individual sensory profiles. Future research is recommended to examine long-term outcomes, implementation in community settings, and integration with behavioral approaches.