Comparación de trombectomía por aspiración manual frente a mecánica en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo

Routine manual aspiration thrombectomy has shown limited benefit in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Selective application of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ACS and high thrombus burden may improve coronary flow and myocardial perfusion. We aimed to compare safety and efficacy between manual (MaT) and mechanical aspiration thrombectomy (MeT) in this population.

Retrospective review of 70 patients presenting with ACS between May 2019 and February 2024, with 27 receiving MaT and 43 MeT. Our comparative analysis included Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) thrombus grade, TIMI flow grade, Myocardial Blush grade, survival to discharge and stroke.

There was no difference in the clinical characteristics of the two groups except higher prevalence of hypertension in the MaT group (93 % vs 70 % in MeT, p = 0.02). Baseline thrombus burden did not differ between groups. Both MaT and MeT resulted in a significant reduction in thrombus burden and improvement in coronary flow and myocardial blush. MaT and MeT had similar post-thrombectomy rates of TIMI thrombus grade 0 (63 % vs 77 %, p = 0.3), TIMI flow grade 3 (70 % vs 67 %, p = 1) and Myocardial Blush grade 3 (44 % vs 51 %, p = 0.6). One stroke was reported in the MeT group. Finally, Survival to discharge was similar (MaT 88 % vs MeT 84 %, p = 0.7).

Selective thrombectomy in ACS patients with high thrombus burden is safe and effectively reduces thrombus burden while improving coronary flow and myocardial perfusion. Manual and mechanical thrombectomy show similar efficacy and safety profiles.