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Los factores de cambio global difieren en su efecto cuando actúan solos y en un contexto multifactorial

Rebecca Rongstock1,2, Huiying Li1,2, Anika Lehmann1,2

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Los suelos urbanos se enfrentan a múltiples factores de estrés del cambio global. La eliminación de factores específicos, en lugar de abordar los efectos aislados, generalmente mejora la salud del suelo y los procesos biológicos en estos entornos complejos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Ambientales
  • Ciencias del Suelo
  • Ecología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ecosistemas se ven cada vez más afectados por múltiples factores de cambio global.
  • Los suelos urbanos son particularmente vulnerables a una combinación de estresores que incluyen calor, sequía, sal de carretera, deposición de nitrógeno, surfactantes y microplásticos.
  • Los efectos combinados de estos factores estresantes pueden ser impredecibles y diferir significativamente de sus impactos individuales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar qué factores individuales de cambio global tienen los efectos más negativos en un contexto de suelos urbanos multifactorial.
  • Comprender el impacto de la eliminación de estresores específicos de una mezcla compleja de factores ambientales.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó un diseño experimental sustractivo.
  • Se compararon tratamientos de adición de un solo factor con tratamientos en los que se eliminó un factor específico de un contexto multifactorial.
  • Se evaluaron las propiedades del suelo y los procesos biológicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los efectos de los factores individuales variaron, desde negativos hasta positivos o mixtos.
  • La eliminación de estresores de un contexto multifactorial generalmente condujo a mejoras en las propiedades del suelo y los procesos biológicos.
  • Los factores relacionados con los recursos mejoraron la actividad microbiana de forma aislada, pero no en el escenario multifactorial.

Conclusiones:

  • El impacto combinado de los factores estresantes ambientales a menudo difiere de sus efectos individuales.
  • La mitigación de los factores con la influencia negativa más fuerte en contextos de suelos urbanos con múltiples factores de estrés es crucial para una restauración eficaz.
  • Se recomienda priorizar las intervenciones basadas en los impactos de múltiples factores de estrés, no solo en los efectos aislados, para los esfuerzos de restauración ecológica.