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La risperidona reduce la desviación de la similitud morfométrica individualizada en la esquizofrenia y se asocia con

Liju Liu1,2, Mi Yang3,4, Jinxing Chen1,2

  • 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

El tratamiento con risperidona en pacientes con esquizofrenia redujo las desviaciones en la similitud morfométrica cortical (MSD), alineándose con los patrones normativos. Estos cambios estructurales se correlacionan con la expresión génica relacionada con la neurotransmisión y las funciones inmunitarias, lo que sugiere una base molecular para los beneficios del tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
esquizofreniarisperidonaresonancia magnéticaneuroimagenplasticidad cerebralexpresión génicaredes neuronalesred de atención de la salienciared de atención ventralinteligencia emocional

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Genética
  • Psiquiatría

Sus antecedentes:

  • La esquizofrenia se asocia con una reducción del grosor cortical y alteraciones en la expresión génica.
  • El tratamiento antipsicótico afecta la morfología cortical y la expresión génica, pero su efecto sobre la similitud morfométrica individual y los mecanismos genéticos no está claro.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Cuantificar los cambios inducidos por la risperidona en la similitud morfométrica individual.
  • Investigar la alineación espacial de estos cambios con los patrones transcriptómicos corticales.

Principales métodos:

  • Imágenes ponderadas en T1 en 24 pacientes con esquizofrenia de primer episodio y sin tratamiento previo, y 30 controles.
  • Se calcularon matrices de similitud morfométrica cortical utilizando la distancia de Wasserstein.
  • Se definió la Desviación de la Similitud Morfométrica (MSD).
  • La regresión de mínimos parciales relacionó los cambios en la MSD con datos transcriptómicos del Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los pacientes mostraron una alta desviación de la similitud morfométrica (MSD) basal en las regiones frontal, temporal y temporoparietal, relacionada con la gravedad de los síntomas.
  • El tratamiento con risperidona disminuyó la MSD, particularmente en la red de saliencia/atención ventral, y se correlacionó con una mejora de la inteligencia emocional.
  • Los cambios en la MSD inducidos por el tratamiento se correlacionaron espacialmente con genes de neurotransmisión, adhesión celular y función inmunitaria, expresados en astrocitos y oligodendrocitos.

Conclusiones:

  • La risperidona normaliza la similitud morfométrica cortical hacia un patrón saludable.
  • Estos efectos de normalización estructural están vinculados a patrones de expresión génica, particularmente en procesos de neurotransmisión e inmunológicos.
  • Esto sugiere una base molecular para los beneficios estructurales y cognitivos del tratamiento con risperidona en la esquizofrenia.