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Tuberculosis y Cáncer de Pulmón: Perspectivas de una Revisión Narrativa

Antonio-Andrei Cotea^1,2, Ancuta-Alina Constantin^1,2, Florin-Dumitru Mihaltan^1,2

¹Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

|January 10, 2026

Resumen

La tuberculosis (TB) aumenta el riesgo de cáncer, en particular de pulmón, cabeza y cuello y gastrointestinal. Comprender esta relación ayuda a detectar pacientes de alto riesgo y a gestionar el tratamiento.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oncología
Enfermedades Infecciosas
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

La asociación entre el cáncer de pulmón (CP) y la tuberculosis (TB) se ha reconocido durante más de dos siglos.
La investigación previa sobre el vínculo etiológico entre la TB y el cáncer ha arrojado resultados contradictorios.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la relación entre la tuberculosis y el cáncer de pulmón.
Evaluar los riesgos de cáncer en general y por localización específica en personas con TB en comparación con la población general.
Examinar el momento de aparición del cáncer después del diagnóstico de TB e identificar los períodos de mayor riesgo.

Principales métodos:

Este estudio es una revisión narrativa de la literatura existente.
Sintetiza los hallazgos sobre los riesgos de malignidad en pacientes con TB.
Explora los posibles mecanismos biológicos que vinculan la TB y el cáncer.

Principales resultados:

Las personas con TB presentan un mayor riesgo de padecer diversos tipos de cáncer, como el de pulmón, cabeza y cuello, gastrointestinal y neoplasias hematológicas.
La inflamación crónica, la desregulación inmunitaria y las alteraciones metabólicas en pacientes con TB pueden impulsar la iniciación y progresión del tumor.
Las vulnerabilidades orgánicas específicas influyen en la susceptibilidad a diferentes tipos de cáncer después de la TB.

Conclusiones:

La interacción entre la TB y el cáncer requiere conciencia clínica para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.
Se recomienda la detección específica de TB en pacientes con cáncer y la monitorización de la reactivación de la TB durante la terapia contra el cáncer.
Es crucial considerar los factores inmunológicos y metabólicos en la planificación del tratamiento para pacientes con ambas afecciones.

Palabras clave:

inflamación crónica solapamiento diagnóstico inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario cáncer de pulmón tuberculosis

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