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Conocimientos actuales sobre la epidemiología del CTPU en Polonia en comparación con Europa

Iwona Wnętrzak¹, Urszula Wojciechowska², Jakub Dobruch¹

¹Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Independent Public Hospital of Professor W. Orlowski, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.

|January 10, 2026

Resumen

La incidencia y mortalidad del carcinoma urotelial del tracto urinario superior (CTPU) están aumentando en Europa. Polonia muestra tendencias únicas, con una incidencia creciente y una mortalidad decreciente, particularmente en hombres, y tasas de supervivencia mejoradas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oncología
Epidemiología
Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

El carcinoma urotelial del tracto urinario superior (CTPU) es un cáncer raro con datos epidemiológicos limitados en Europa Central y Oriental.
Este estudio aborda la necesidad de conocer las tendencias a largo plazo en la incidencia, mortalidad y supervivencia del CTPU en Polonia y Europa.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar las tendencias a largo plazo en la incidencia, mortalidad y supervivencia del CTPU en Polonia.
Comparar las tendencias del CTPU en Polonia con las de otros países europeos.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos del Registro Nacional de Cáncer de Polonia, Statistics Poland y el Sistema Europeo de Información sobre el Cáncer.
Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas por edad utilizando la Población Estándar Europea (ESP 2013).
Se evaluaron las tendencias temporales con la regresión Joinpoint y la supervivencia con el método Pohar-Perme.

Principales resultados:

La incidencia y mortalidad del CTPU aumentaron en toda Europa y en Polonia, observándose patrones distintos después de 2017 en Polonia.
El cáncer de pelvis renal presentó una mayor incidencia y mortalidad que el cáncer de uréter.
La supervivencia relativa a cinco años mejoró, alcanzando hasta el 62% para el cáncer de uréter.

Conclusiones:

Polonia presenta un patrón epidemiológico distintivo para el CTPU en comparación con Europa.
Se recomienda fortalecer los registros de cáncer y centralizar los protocolos de atención para mejorar el manejo del CTPU y reducir la mortalidad.

Palabras clave:

epidemiología incidencia mortalidad cáncer de pelvis renal sexo tendencias carcinoma urotelial del tracto urinario superior (CTPU)cáncer de uréter

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